Gas or oil burner



` (No Model.) F. S.. DURAND.

GAS OR OIL BURNER.

10.455,483. Patented July 7,1891.

'ini In vellum@ |l| r l UNI-TED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK S. DURAND, OF PEORIA, ILLINOIS.

GAS OR OIL BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 455,483, dated July '7, 1891.,

Application filed September 13,1890. lSerial IIo. 364.881. (No model.) 2

.To a/ZZ whom it may concern:

- my invention, Figure l resident of Peoria, in

'companying drawings `Be it known that I, FRANK S.- DURAND, a the county of Peoria and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gas or Oil Burners; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the acgt, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a partof this specification. V

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in burners for burning gas or vaporized oil for heating and cooking purposes; and it consists in the matters hereinafter specified, and pointed out in the appended claims. Y t In the accompanying drawings, illustrating,r is a side elevation of a burner embodying my invention. Fig. 2`is a central vertical section of the'same, taken.

on line 2'2 of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a plan view of one of the parts.

In said drawings, A indicates a pipe, through which gas orconveyed to the burner.

B indicates a valve controlling thesupply of gas or oil.

C indicates the outer shell or casing of the burner. v

D is the gas-inlet passage formed in the casting D', which constitutes the lower part of the burner, and E a central air-passage vaporized oil is extending from the lower part of the burner to a point near the top thereof.

F is a jacket surrounding the upper portion C of the casing C. i

G G G2 G3 G4indicate a plurality of annular deflecting-plates located one above another within the space C2 between The central air-passage E and the casing C C.

H is a combustion-chamber located abov the central air-passage E, and I J a cover or cap located over the combustion-chamber H.

In the operation of my device gas or vaporized oil enters the passage D in the casting D and escapes through smaller radial ducts or passages d d into the interior of the casing C beneath the deflecting-plate G;

The casting D is preferably formed with an supply annular iiange D2, which has upon its `outer margin a` downwardly-projecting flange d and an upwardly-projecting flange d2. The first defiecting-plate G is located at a little distance above the annular flange D2 of the casting D', preferably at about the level of the top of the flange cl2, and is made of' somewhat Vsmaller diameter than said iiange. The passages d d, leading from the central passage D, radiate therefrom and open into the space between the flange D2 and the defiecting-plate G. The flange cl2 gives an upward direction to the current of gas as it comes through thev space between the deflect/ingplate'G and said flange. At this point air mingles with the gas, the air being drawn in through the annular space between the inner surface of the casing Gand the vertical flanges d d2 of the casting D. This mixed gas and air then passes `upwardly through the space .Within the casingsurrouuding the central air-passage E, passing first between the deflecting-plates G andv G and then'upwardly into the annular space C2 between the casing C" and the central air-passage, which space C2, for the purpose of description, is herein termed a mixing-chamber, and around the defiecting-plates G2 G3 G4 to the top of the space C2, where it meets the flange E2 upon the upper end ofthe tubular casing E of the air-passage E, where it is again deiiected outwardly and passes up between said flange E2 and the casing C.

It will be observed by reference to the drawings that the cylindric shell F extends somewhat above the top of 'the shell or casing C', forming an annular space H', surrounding the combustion-chamber H. Said shell or casing F is, furthermore, made somewhat larger in diameter than the upper portion C of the casing C, so as to form an annular passagef for air between said outer and said inner casings. Fresh Iair enters through the passage f and is drawn upwardly by the current of mixed gas and air which issues 'from'the upper end of the casing C and unites with the gas and air at this point, so that when the gas issues from the annular chamber I-I it will have been thoroughly mixed with air. It is-evident that the gas and air, which flow to- IOO gether through the mixing-chamber C2, will by their contact with the deecting-plates and by being repeatedly deflected from one side to the other of said chamber by said defleeting-plates therein become thoroughly mixed together and the burning and heating properties of the gas greatly increased. Furthermore,by the mixing of an additional current of vfresh air with the admixture of gas xo and air the burning and heating properties thereof will be still further increased. The admixture of gas andv air comes against the under side of an annular flange I of thecapl` and is deflected outwardly thereby, passing x5 up around the edge of said annular flange l. In the meantime air is drawn through the small air-ducts c c e in the casting D into theA central air-passage E, and, rising through said passage to the interior zo chamber H, passes out at the openings j j between the caps J and I, where it unites with the burning gas and air around said cap. A small portion of the burning' gas and air will be drawn in through th-e small perforations h h to the interior of the chamber H by the upward current of air through the central passage E and said chamber H, forming a net-work of flame across the interior of said chamber l-l, and the current of air which escapes through the apertures j j will have been heated to a very high temperature by direct contact therewith in passing through the said chamber H, so that by the time it unites with the current of burning gas and air about the outside of the cap J it will be in a condition to` materially aid and promote the combustion of the gas at this pointby the addition thereto of a large proportion of oxygen in a highlyi heated condition. The arrows in Fig, 2 of the lo drawings indicate the directions of the currents of gas and air. It is obvious that by this construction the gas as it passes from the supply-pipe to the top-of the burner is, by the successive mixing of fresh supplies of air therewith, rendered Very highly combustible, and by the further mixing of the heated air at the iop of the burner, as described, the

combustion is still further aided and facilitated. I find in practical use of my improved 5o burner that a perfectly blue flame is obtained at the top of the same. It is therefore evident that practically perfect combustion VAof the gas or vaporized oilis obtained,inasmuch as the presence of yellow or white color in the flame would indicate that the gas or oil was not being perfectly consumed, while the abcom-bustion of the gas or oil.

As a separate and further improvement, l 6o provide a lighting device for starting the burner, (indicated as a who-le by K.) The same consists, as herein shown, of a hollow7 casingk attached at its upper end to the shell F and communicating with the annular space f, said casing being extended downwardly outside of the shell orvcasing C and arranged of the combustion- 1 tlecting-plate G ing-chamber C2, it is l with said plate Gr. vbustion of a portion of the gas below the chamber C2 said chamber and the deflectingplates therein, l, the burn-er, are fmingled gas and air reach the top of the to communicate at its lower end with the iuterior of saidcasing at or near the level of the horizontal flange D2 of the casting D. This shell is designed to convey the flame from the Lipper portion of the burner to the lower portion thereof within the casing C when the gas is ignited at the top of the burner. By this arrangement the burner is heated so as to cause a much stronger draft of air through the various air-passages, and

at the same time to heat the gas and air as they pass through the burner.

In practice I find that as soon as a light is applied to the gas as it escapes from the top of the burner the gas within the interior of the shell K will become ignited and will communicate the llame to the gas in the interior .of the shell C throughl the apertures 715 7c.,

By the use of the lighter, as hereinI described, the necessity of lighting the gas at the bottom as well as atthe top of the burner is obviated, and the proper operation of the burner when in u'nskillful hands is thereby insured.

2 is burned at this i the first mixture of air therewith; but as soonv A small portion of the gas point at about the time of as the flame comes in contact with the deandl before it enters the mixput out by its contact As a result of the comas well as the entire casing of heated, so that by the ti m eA the burner they are 1n the best possible condition to obtain perfect combustion.

As a separate and still further improveiment, I provide in the inlet-passage means forregulating the maximum flow of gas through said passage to the burner, sothat in casethe valve is opened accidentally or carelessly to an extent beyond the capacity of the burner no more gas than can be perfectly consumed by the burner will be permitted to pass through said passage. I find it convenient to employ for this purpose an ordinary gas-tip, such as are commonlyin use upon gas-burners for illuminating purposes.

These tips are lnade of various capacities, so

. that any desired amount of flow of gas may be obtained through the same.

As shown in the drawings, B3 indicates an ordinary gas-tip located in the gas-inlet passage b, the same being conveniently fitted Iwithin the upper end of said passage. sence of any color but blue indicates perfect Su-pposing that the best results could be obtained from a burner with a flow of six cubic feet of gas per hour when working at its full capacity, it is evident that by placing in the inlet-passage a six-foot gas-tip the maximum flow of gas to the burner cannot exceed six feet per hour. A very common cause of complaint in burners of this class is the great expense of operation,the amount of gas consumed thereby being very great. This may IIO result from a poor construction of the burner or from an extravagant use of gas by the carelessness ofthe operator in adjusting the valve which controls the admission of the gas. lt is therefore obvious that by the provision ot means in the inlet-passage for limiting the maximum supply of gas to the burner the liability of wasting the gas by careless adjustment of the valve is obviated and 4the consumption of gas by the burner kept within an economical limit.

It is obvious that the casin g C may be made as long` as may be desired and the number of detlecting-plates employed varied in burners of .different capacities.

Having described myinventio1i,wl1atl claim 1s l. The herein-described burner, consisting of a tubular outer shell or casing, a central air-tube, a plurality of annular deiiectingplates located in the space between said outer casing and said central air-tube, said space forming a mixing-chamber, and a gas-supply pipe provided with a plurality of radial ducts communicating with said space between the casing and said central air-passage, substantially as described;

2. The herein-described burner, consisting of a tubular shell or casing,a central air-tube therein, a gas-supply pipe provided with a plurality of radial ducts communicating` with the bottom of the annular space between said shell and tube, said spaceforming a mixingchamber, and a cap or cover located above the top of said central air-tube and forming a closed chamber communicating with the interior of said tube, said cap being provided at its top with air-exil openin gs, substantially as described. v

3. The herein-described burner, consisting of a tubular shell or casing,acentral air-tube therein, a plurality of annular deiiectingplates located within the annular space between said outer shell or casing and` said central tube, said space forming a mixing-chamber, a gas-supply pipe provided with a plurality of radial ducts communicating with said annular space, and a cap or cover located above the top of said central air-tube and forming a closed chamber communicating` with the interior of said tube, said cap being vprovided at its top with air-exit openings,

substantially as described.

4. The herein-described burner, consisting of a tubular shell or casing, a central tube therein, a gas-supply conduit communicating with the bottom of the annular space between said shell and tube, and a cap or cover located above the top of said central air-tube and forming a closed chamber communicating with the interior of said tube, said cap being provided at its top with air-exit openings and in its side walls with perforations for the admission of flame, substantially as described.

5. The herein-described burner, consisting of a tubular shell orcasing, a central air-tube therein, aplurality of annular deiiectin g 'plates located within the` annular space between said outer shell or casing and said central tube, a gassupply conduit communicating with said annular space, and a cap or cover located above the top of said central air-tube and forming a closed chamber communicating with the interior of said tube, said cap being provided at its top with air-exit openings and in its side wallswith perforations for the admission of dame, substantially as described. j

6. The herein-described burner, consisting of a tubular shell or casin g, a central air-tube extending upwardly through said casing, a cylindric jacket Alocated outside of said casing and extending above the top of the latter, said jacket being` made somewhat larger in diameter than said casing, a plurality of annular deflecting-plates located within the space between the central air-tube and said casing, a gas-supply conduit communicating with said space, and a perforated cap or cover located above the top of said central air-passage, substantially as described.

7. The herein-described burner, consisting of a tubular shell or casing, a central air-tube, an outer jacket surrounding said @asin g, said jacket being made larger in diameter than said casing and extending above the top yof the latter, a hollow perforated cap org cover located over the top of said central air-passage, a plurality of annular deflecting-plates located within the space. between said een# tral air-passage and said shell or casing, a gas-4 supply pipe communicating with -said space, a valve for governing the supply of gas, and a removable apertured plug located in said supply-passage for limiting the supply of gas to the burner, substantially as described.

8. The herein-described burner, consisting of an outer tubular shell or casing and a cen. tral air-supply tube, a part D', provided with ahorizontal iange and located in the `,lower portion of said outer casing below' said airtube and provided with air-inlet passages communicating with the interior of said airtube, and being further provided with a central gas-supply passage and a plurality of radial ducts communicating therewith and opening at the upper side of said plate within the outer shell or casing, an annular deiecting-plate G, located above said openings, and a plurality of deflecting-plates located above said plate G within said outer shell or casing, substantially as described.

9.. The herein-described burner, consisting of an outer tubular shell or casing and a central air-supply tube, a part D', located in the lower portion of said outer casing below said air-tube and provided with air-inlet passages communicating with the interior'of said airtube, said plate being further. provided with a central gas-supply'passage and a plurality of radial ducts communicating therewith and opening at the upper side of said plate with- IOO IIO

in the outer shell or casing, an annulal1 delectingl-pl'ate G, located above said openings, a deleeting-plate G', located above said plate G and provided with a central annular opening, and a plurality of detlectng-plates located above saidv plate G Within said outer easing', substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim Vthe foregoing as my own invention I affix my signature i-n presence 0E two Witnesses. G

' 'FRANK S. DURAND.

Vitnesses:

W. J. MCPEAK,

'FRANK STEUART. 

